Process View
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.

In addition to gene-name show these genes:
Click on a gene's description to view its network relationships with genes known to be involved in "pharyngeal system development"
| Name | Description | Probability | Func Analog Organism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fgf8 | fibroblast growth factor 8 | 0.998 | ||
| Otx2 | orthodenticle homolog 2 (Drosophila) | 0.992 | ||
| Pax2 | paired box gene 2 | 0.985 | ||
| Tbx1 | T-box 1 | 0.969 | ||
| Tbx3 | T-box 3 | 0.948 | Mouse | |
| Eya1 | eyes absent 1 homolog (Drosophila) | 0.945 | ||
| Six1 | sine oculis-related homeobox 1 homolog (Drosophila) | 0.945 | ||
| Shh | sonic hedgehog | 0.937 | ||
| Hoxa1 | homeobox A1 | 0.922 | ||
| Sox2 | SRY-box containing gene 2 | 0.920 | ||
| Emx2 | empty spiracles homolog 2 (Drosophila) | 0.919 | ||
| Pitx2 | paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 | 0.901 | ||
| Hoxa13 | homeobox A13 | 0.897 | ||
| Rarg | retinoic acid receptor, gamma | 0.886 | Zebrafish | |
| Nog | noggin | 0.848 | ||
| Foxg1 | forkhead box G1 | 0.810 | ||
| Nkx2-5 | NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 (Drosophila) | 0.803 | ||
| Gbx2 | gastrulation brain homeobox 2 | 0.787 | ||
| Emx1 | empty spiracles homolog 1 (Drosophila) | 0.757 | ||
| Sox9 | SRY-box containing gene 9 | 0.746 | ||
| Lhx1 | LIM homeobox protein 1 | 0.715 | Mouse | |
| Nr5a1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 | 0.712 | ||
| Lhx3 | LIM homeobox protein 3 | 0.707 | Mouse | |
| Hand2 | heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 | 0.674 | ||
| Gata4 | GATA binding protein 4 | 0.657 | Mouse | |
| Arhgef11 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 11 | 0.613 | ||
| Fgfr2 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 | 0.591 | ||
| Six4 | sine oculis-related homeobox 4 homolog (Drosophila) | 0.540 | ||
| Chd7 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 | 0.511 | ||
| Fgfr3 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 | 0.484 | ||
| Gli3 | GLI-Kruppel family member GLI3 | 0.483 | ||
| Pitx1 | paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 | 0.426 | ||
| Dlx2 | distal-less homeobox 2 | 0.408 | ||
| Dlx1 | distal-less homeobox 1 | 0.396 | Mouse | |
| Lhx9 | LIM homeobox protein 9 | 0.395 | Mouse | |
| Tgfbr2 | transforming growth factor, beta receptor II | 0.364 | Mouse | |
| Sall4 | sal-like 4 (Drosophila) | 0.353 | ||
| Col2a1 | collagen, type II, alpha 1 | 0.344 | ||
| Gata6 | GATA binding protein 6 | 0.338 | Mouse | |
| Dlx5 | distal-less homeobox 5 | 0.337 | ||
| Hes5 | hairy and enhancer of split 5 (Drosophila) | 0.310 | Mouse | |
| Prrx2 | paired related homeobox 2 | 0.287 | ||
| Aldh1a2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2 | 0.279 | ||
| Rxra | retinoid X receptor alpha | 0.264 | ||
| Pou3f4 | POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 4 | 0.263 | ||
| Hoxd3 | homeobox D3 | 0.253 | ||
| Rara | retinoic acid receptor, alpha | 0.249 | ||
| Vegfa | vascular endothelial growth factor A | 0.243 | ||
| Fgf10 | fibroblast growth factor 10 | 0.236 | ||
| Otx1 | orthodenticle homolog 1 (Drosophila) | 0.236 | ||
| Pou5f1 | POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 | 0.232 | ||
| Lmx1a | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha | 0.225 | Mouse | |
| Smad6 | MAD homolog 6 (Drosophila) | 0.222 | ||
| En1 | engrailed 1 | 0.221 | ||
| Nrp1 | neuropilin 1 | 0.216 | ||
| Creb1 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 | 0.216 | ||
| Acvr1 | activin A receptor, type 1 | 0.214 | ||
| Dnmt3a | DNA methyltransferase 3A | 0.201 | ||
| Gsc | goosecoid homeobox | 0.197 | ||
| Ascl1 | achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (Drosophila) | 0.185 | ||
| Lhx5 | LIM homeobox protein 5 | 0.182 | Mouse | |
| Sox3 | SRY-box containing gene 3 | 0.170 | ||
| Tlx3 | T-cell leukemia, homeobox 3 | 0.165 | ||
| Lmx1b | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta | 0.156 | Mouse | |
| Tcfap2a | transcription factor AP-2, alpha | 0.148 | ||
| Pax1 | paired box gene 1 | 0.146 | ||
| Wnt1 | wingless-related MMTV integration site 1 | 0.140 | ||
| Hand1 | heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 1 | 0.138 | ||
| Pou4f3 | POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 3 | 0.136 | ||
| Apc | adenomatosis polyposis coli | 0.136 | ||
| Tbx5 | T-box 5 | 0.135 | Mouse | |
| Isl1 | ISL1 transcription factor, LIM/homeodomain | 0.135 | ||
| Pax3 | paired box gene 3 | 0.133 | ||
| Scn5a | sodium channel, voltage-gated, type V, alpha | 0.132 | ||
| Uncx | UNC homeobox | 0.132 | ||
| Bmp4 | bone morphogenetic protein 4 | 0.129 | ||
| Sall3 | sal-like 3 (Drosophila) | 0.123 | ||
| Hoxd13 | homeobox D13 | 0.122 | ||
| Pthlh | parathyroid hormone-like peptide | 0.119 | ||
| Lef1 | lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 | 0.119 | ||
| Wnt3a | wingless-related MMTV integration site 3A | 0.119 | ||
| Fgfr1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 | 0.116 | ||
| Ednra | endothelin receptor type A | 0.111 | ||
| Hoxa3 | homeobox A3 | 0.111 | ||
| Hes1 | hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Drosophila) | 0.109 | ||
| Wt1 | Wilms tumor 1 homolog | 0.096 | ||
| Gdnf | glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor | 0.093 | ||
| Shox2 | short stature homeobox 2 | 0.093 | ||
| Smad3 | MAD homolog 3 (Drosophila) | 0.091 | ||
| Hcn4 | hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4 | 0.089 | ||
| Arid1b | AT rich interactive domain 1B (SWI-like) | 0.088 | ||
| Efna2 | ephrin A2 | 0.087 | ||
| Inha | inhibin alpha | 0.081 | ||
| T | brachyury | 0.081 | Mouse | |
| Ece1 | endothelin converting enzyme 1 | 0.080 | ||
| Gata3 | GATA binding protein 3 | 0.074 | ||
| Chrd | chordin | 0.073 | ||
| Dlx6 | distal-less homeobox 6 | 0.073 | Mouse | |
| Tgfbr1 | transforming growth factor, beta receptor I | 0.071 | ||
| En2 | engrailed 2 | 0.070 | ||
| Insm1 | insulinoma-associated 1 | 0.070 | ||
| Dll4 | delta-like 4 (Drosophila) | 0.069 | ||
| Smarca4 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 | 0.068 | ||
| Foxc1 | forkhead box C1 | 0.066 | ||
| Nkx6-1 | NK6 homeobox 1 | 0.065 | ||
| Eng | endoglin | 0.061 | ||
| Fgf3 | fibroblast growth factor 3 | 0.061 | ||
| Kiss1 | KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor | 0.060 | ||
| Smarcc1 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 1 | 0.059 | ||
| Fgf15 | fibroblast growth factor 15 | 0.059 | ||
| Arx | aristaless related homeobox | 0.057 | ||
| Tbx2 | T-box 2 | 0.057 | Zebrafish Mouse | |
| Gja5 | gap junction protein, alpha 5 | 0.055 | ||
| Gli2 | GLI-Kruppel family member GLI2 | 0.055 | ||
| Nkx2-2 | NK2 transcription factor related, locus 2 (Drosophila) | 0.055 | Mouse | |
| Trp63 | transformation related protein 63 | 0.055 | ||
| Prrx1 | paired related homeobox 1 | 0.054 | ||
| Zeb1 | zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 | 0.053 | ||
| Pten | phosphatase and tensin homolog | 0.052 | ||
| Gnaq | guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha q polypeptide | 0.049 | ||
| Dpf1 | D4, zinc and double PHD fingers family 1 | 0.049 | ||
| Alx3 | aristaless-like homeobox 3 | 0.048 | ||
| Pax6 | paired box gene 6 | 0.045 | ||
| Wnt9a | wingless-type MMTV integration site 9A | 0.044 | Zebrafish | |
| Six2 | sine oculis-related homeobox 2 homolog (Drosophila) | 0.042 | Mouse | |
| Pitx3 | paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 3 | 0.042 | ||
| Msx1 | homeobox, msh-like 1 | 0.041 | ||
| Nkx3-2 | NK3 homeobox 2 | 0.041 | Mouse | |
| Arhgef12 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 12 | 0.041 | ||
| Hmx1 | H6 homeobox 1 | 0.040 | ||
| Smad5 | MAD homolog 5 (Drosophila) | 0.040 | ||
| Neurog2 | neurogenin 2 | 0.040 | ||
| Pax7 | paired box gene 7 | 0.038 | ||
| Tcl1 | T-cell lymphoma breakpoint 1 | 0.037 | ||
| Hmx3 | H6 homeobox 3 | 0.035 | ||
| Col22a1 | collagen, type XXII, alpha 1 | 0.035 | ||
| Wnt6 | wingless-related MMTV integration site 6 | 0.035 | ||
| Hoxd1 | homeobox D1 | 0.035 | ||
| Sharpin | SHANK-associated RH domain interacting protein | 0.034 | ||
| Foxf1a | forkhead box F1a | 0.033 | ||
| Cited1 | Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 | 0.033 | ||
| Ar | androgen receptor | 0.033 | ||
| Ptf1a | pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a | 0.033 | ||
| Jag1 | jagged 1 | 0.032 | ||
| Myod1 | myogenic differentiation 1 | 0.031 | ||
| Hspg2 | perlecan (heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2) | 0.030 | ||
| Sim2 | single-minded homolog 2 (Drosophila) | 0.030 | ||
| Esr1 | estrogen receptor 1 (alpha) | 0.029 | ||
| Hoxa11 | homeobox A11 | 0.029 | ||
| Foxe1 | forkhead box E1 | 0.029 | ||
| Mesp1 | mesoderm posterior 1 | 0.029 | ||
| Tcf15 | transcription factor 15 | 0.028 | ||
| Hoxb13 | homeobox B13 | 0.028 | ||
| Sema6a | sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6A | 0.028 | ||
| Nobox | NOBOX oogenesis homeobox | 0.028 | ||
| Axin2 | axin2 | 0.027 | ||
| Hoxa2 | homeobox A2 | 0.027 | ||
| Snai1 | snail homolog 1 (Drosophila) | 0.027 | ||
| Nkx1-2 | NK1 transcription factor related, locus 2 (Drosophila) | 0.027 | ||
| Mnx1 | motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1 | 0.027 | ||
| Nkx2-6 | NK2 transcription factor related, locus 6 (Drosophila) | 0.026 | ||
| Nr2e1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group E, member 1 | 0.026 | ||
| Tal1 | T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 | 0.026 | ||
| Nodal | nodal | 0.026 | ||
| Wnt9b | wingless-type MMTV integration site 9B | 0.025 | ||
| Dicer1 | Dicer1, Dcr-1 homolog (Drosophila) | 0.025 | ||
| Nkx2-1 | NK2 homeobox 1 | 0.024 | Mouse | |
| Odf3 | outer dense fiber of sperm tails 3 | 0.024 | ||
| Barx1 | BarH-like homeobox 1 | 0.024 | Zebrafish | |
| Rarb | retinoic acid receptor, beta | 0.024 | ||
| Fshr | follicle stimulating hormone receptor | 0.024 | ||
| Hoxd11 | homeobox D11 | 0.023 | ||
| Btbd17 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 17 | 0.023 | ||
| Bcl6 | B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 | 0.023 | ||
| Arid1a | AT rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like) | 0.023 | ||
| Otp | orthopedia homolog (Drosophila) | 0.023 | ||
| Notch1 | Notch gene homolog 1 (Drosophila) | 0.023 | ||
| Gpc3 | glypican 3 | 0.022 | ||
| Ankrd2 | ankyrin repeat domain 2 (stretch responsive muscle) | 0.022 | ||
| Tlx2 | T-cell leukemia, homeobox 2 | 0.022 | ||
| Msx3 | homeobox, msh-like 3 | 0.022 | ||
| Hes3 | hairy and enhancer of split 3 (Drosophila) | 0.021 | Mouse | |
| Smad4 | MAD homolog 4 (Drosophila) | 0.020 | ||
| Lbx1 | ladybird homeobox homolog 1 (Drosophila) | 0.020 | ||
| Serpinh1 | serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1 | 0.020 | ||
| Bdnf | brain derived neurotrophic factor | 0.020 | ||
| Hoxa4 | homeobox A4 | 0.020 | ||
| Hesx1 | homeobox gene expressed in ES cells | 0.019 | ||
| Vax1 | ventral anterior homeobox containing gene 1 | 0.019 | ||
| Alx4 | aristaless-like homeobox 4 | 0.019 | ||
| Npas2 | neuronal PAS domain protein 2 | 0.019 | ||
| Chst8 | carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-0) sulfotransferase 8 | 0.019 | ||
| Sema5b | sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5B | 0.019 | ||
| Ighmbp2 | immunoglobulin mu binding protein 2 | 0.019 | ||
| Tert | telomerase reverse transcriptase | 0.018 | ||
| Art5 | ADP-ribosyltransferase 5 | 0.018 | ||
| Xirp1 | xin actin-binding repeat containing 1 | 0.018 | ||
| Pou4f2 | POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2 | 0.018 | ||
| Dkk1 | dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis) | 0.018 | ||
| Myl2 | myosin, light polypeptide 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow | 0.017 | ||
| Hoxb6 | homeobox B6 | 0.017 | ||
| Plxna1 | plexin A1 | 0.017 | Mouse | |
| Zic2 | zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 2 | 0.017 | ||
| Wnt10b | wingless related MMTV integration site 10b | 0.017 | ||
| Ptk7 | PTK7 protein tyrosine kinase 7 | 0.017 | ||
| Nrk | Nik related kinase | 0.017 | ||
| Nkx2-4 | NK2 transcription factor related, locus 4 (Drosophila) | 0.017 | Mouse | |
| Foxi3 | forkhead box I3 | 0.017 | ||
| Nynrin | NYN domain and retroviral integrase containing | 0.017 | ||
| Twist2 | twist homolog 2 (Drosophila) | 0.017 | ||
| Stk3 | serine/threonine kinase 3 (Ste20, yeast homolog) | 0.017 | ||
| Pou3f1 | POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 1 | 0.017 | ||
| Bmp5 | bone morphogenetic protein 5 | 0.017 | ||
| Plac1 | placental specific protein 1 | 0.016 | ||
| Smarcc2 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 2 | 0.016 | ||
| Ptpn14 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 14 | 0.016 | ||
| Cdk5r1 | cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35) | 0.016 | ||
| Gpr27 | G protein-coupled receptor 27 | 0.016 | ||
| Pofut1 | protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 | 0.016 | ||
| Wnt4 | wingless-related MMTV integration site 4 | 0.016 | ||
| Efemp2 | epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 | 0.015 | ||
| Nanog | Nanog homeobox | 0.015 | ||
| Msi1 | Musashi homolog 1(Drosophila) | 0.015 | ||
| Foxd2 | forkhead box D2 | 0.015 | ||
| Rbpj | recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region | 0.015 | ||
| Gata2 | GATA binding protein 2 | 0.015 | Mouse | |
| Ntn3 | netrin 3 | 0.015 | ||
| Sox1 | SRY-box containing gene 1 | 0.015 | ||
| Fev | FEV (ETS oncogene family) | 0.015 | ||
| Bmpr1a | bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1A | 0.014 | Mouse | |
| Eomes | eomesodermin homolog (Xenopus laevis) | 0.014 | Mouse | |
| Alx1 | ALX homeobox 1 | 0.014 | ||
| Foxb1 | forkhead box B1 | 0.014 | ||
| Pax8 | paired box gene 8 | 0.014 | ||
| Lamc1 | laminin, gamma 1 | 0.014 | ||
| Klf3 | Kruppel-like factor 3 (basic) | 0.014 | ||
| Kcnj11 | potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 | 0.014 | ||
| Osr1 | odd-skipped related 1 (Drosophila) | 0.014 | ||
| Vcl | vinculin | 0.014 | ||
| Rax | retina and anterior neural fold homeobox | 0.014 | ||
| Oprd1 | opioid receptor, delta 1 | 0.014 | ||
| Npr2 | natriuretic peptide receptor 2 | 0.014 | ||
| Grb10 | growth factor receptor bound protein 10 | 0.014 | ||
| Olig2 | oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 | 0.014 | ||
| Rnf2 | ring finger protein 2 | 0.014 | ||
| Batf3 | basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3 | 0.013 | ||
| Fzd8 | frizzled homolog 8 (Drosophila) | 0.013 | ||
| Scube2 | signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 2 | 0.013 | ||
| Hoxa10 | homeobox A10 | 0.013 | ||
| Barx2 | BarH-like homeobox 2 | 0.013 | ||
| Lhcgr | luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor | 0.013 | ||
| Satb2 | special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 | 0.013 | ||
| Bnc1 | basonuclin 1 | 0.013 | ||
| Wnt2b | wingless related MMTV integration site 2b | 0.013 | ||
| Hoxd12 | homeobox D12 | 0.012 | ||
| Cxcr4 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 | 0.012 | ||
| Pbx1 | pre B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 | 0.012 | ||
| Xiap | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis | 0.012 | ||
| Asb10 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 10 | 0.012 | ||
| Cer1 | cerberus 1 homolog (Xenopus laevis) | 0.012 | ||
| Zic1 | zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1 | 0.012 | ||
| Dhh | desert hedgehog | 0.012 | ||
| Lhx4 | LIM homeobox protein 4 | 0.012 | Mouse | |
| Sox11 | SRY-box containing gene 11 | 0.012 | ||
| Hoxb3 | homeobox B3 | 0.012 | ||
| Nkx2-9 | NK2 transcription factor related, locus 9 (Drosophila) | 0.012 | Mouse | |
| Cdh5 | cadherin 5 | 0.012 | ||
| Tcfcp2l1 | transcription factor CP2-like 1 | 0.011 | ||
| Dmrt3 | doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 | 0.011 | ||
| Tnfrsf25 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25 | 0.011 | ||
| Neurog1 | neurogenin 1 | 0.011 | ||
| Cxadr | coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor | 0.011 | ||
| Myog | myogenin | 0.011 | ||
| Htt | huntingtin | 0.011 | ||
| Fbn2 | fibrillin 2 | 0.011 | ||
| Nsd1 | nuclear receptor-binding SET-domain protein 1 | 0.011 | ||
| Kcnj4 | potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 4 | 0.011 | ||
| Dnmt3l | DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3-like | 0.011 | ||
| Col4a2 | collagen, type IV, alpha 2 | 0.011 | ||
| Hmga2 | high mobility group AT-hook 2 | 0.011 | ||
| Pnoc | prepronociceptin | 0.011 | ||
| Vangl2 | vang-like 2 (van gogh, Drosophila) | 0.011 | ||
| Dnahc1 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 1 | 0.011 | ||
| Fgfrl1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 | 0.011 | ||
| Tbx15 | T-box 15 | 0.011 | Mouse | |
| Eln | elastin | 0.011 | ||
| Zic3 | zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 3 | 0.011 | ||
| Lhx6 | LIM homeobox protein 6 | 0.011 | Mouse | |
| Zfpm2 | zinc finger protein, multitype 2 | 0.010 | ||
| Lama1 | laminin, alpha 1 | 0.010 | ||
| Hoxb4 | homeobox B4 | 0.010 | ||
| Gata1 | GATA binding protein 1 | 0.010 | Mouse | |
| Myb | myeloblastosis oncogene | 0.010 | ||
| Kcnj5 | potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 5 | 0.010 | ||
| Ehmt1 | euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 | 0.010 | ||
| Slc27a3 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 3 | 0.010 | ||
| Gli1 | GLI-Kruppel family member GLI1 | 0.010 | ||
| Pcdh12 | protocadherin 12 | 0.010 | ||
| Gdf11 | growth differentiation factor 11 | 0.010 | ||
| Hmx2 | H6 homeobox 2 | 0.010 |